A look at 10 U.S. presidents who have been heavily criticized or considered least effective by historians.

Johnson’s presidency is widely criticized because of his resistance to Reconstruction efforts supported by Congress. He opposed legislation designed to protect civil rights for freed African Americans and frequently vetoed bills aimed at rebuilding the South under stricter federal oversight.

His lenient approach toward former Confederate leaders allowed many to quickly regain political power, undermining progress toward racial equality.

Johnson’s repeated clashes with Congress led to his impeachment in 1868 after he violated the Tenure of Office Act. Although he narrowly avoided removal from office, his presidency is often viewed as a failure that delayed civil rights advancements for generations. Many historians consider Johnson one of the least effective presidents due to the long-lasting damage caused by his policies.

James Buchanan (1857–1861) Continue reading…

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